In the forests of Wakanda, Thanos appeared and used the stones to subdue the Avengers before making his way to Scarlet Witch, who was using her powers to destroy the Mind Stone in Vision's forehead. Thanos crushed the Tesseract in his hand, revealing the Space Stone as its power source. Casualties "The Dark World," incontrast to the first "Thor" movie, is certainly not boring. Remember, only this site's policies fully apply in this site. 10 Ways The Plugin Fundamentally Changed The MCU Everyone Turned to Ashes When Thanos Snapped His Fingers, Through 'Ant-Man and the Wasp'. More vampires, more blood, more people getting sliced up -- and of course baddies whose jaws can split open and swallow a person's head whole. Sharon's return in The Falcon and The Winter Soldier could reveal more. Its fine, but Captain Marvel feels like a movie from before Marvel Studios really hit its stride in Phase 3 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. When he returned in Avengers: Endgame, he was eventually reunited with Gamora, although she wasn't the same one that fell in love with him. Right alongside Drax, Mantis faded away as well, after spending most of her life as a slave to Ego (Kurt Russell) as seen in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. The real Maria Hill was last seen at the end of Avengers: Endgame, although a Skrull portrayed her in Spider-Man: Far From Home. "Ultron" is frustrating for what it lacks -- chiefly the feeling that it's advancing the overall story arc of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Iron Man! Thanos has become famous for wiping out half of the known universe with a snap of his fingers, of course with the help of a fully loaded Infinity Gauntlet. Lang then traveled to the Avengers Compound, where he proposed to the Avengers the idea of resurrecting the victims of the Snap by using the Quantum Realm to travel back in time and obtain the Infinity Stones from the past. In 2003 the modern wave of superhero movies was still in its infancy, and Ang Lee--still the best filmmaker to do a comic book movie--got experimental with "Hulk." As Hill disintegrated before Fury's eyes, the former Director hurried to retrieve his last resort Transmitter Pager. There could maybe have been a good movie in here somewhere-- the cast (Michael B Jordan, Miles Teller, Kate Mara) certainly warranted one. As far as I'm concerned this isthe "Iron Man" movie. As they fit the Stones into a Nano Gauntlet, it was decided that Bruce Banner would be the one to wield it. The accumulation of feces and accompanying flies caused a massive problem until a Hungarian ecologist named George Bornemissza recognized the cause and started importing dung beetles that could process the waste. She was last seen in Captain America: Civil War but Avengers: Endgame confirmed that she was a snap victim too. The story is a total mess, relying heavilyon moviegoers'memories of previousMCU films(if you didn't remember or know coming in what the Tesseract was, hoo boy). Okoyes loyalty to TChalla, and more importantly, the throne of Wakanda, is a defining part of her identity so when her king vanished before her eyes, she was obviously and incredibly crushed. The culmination of this ten-year shared universe experimentshould stand on the shoulders of the movies that came before it. Their return also caused confusion surrounding their identity documents, because those who returned remained the same age they had been before vanishing, despite the five year lapse. 50% of all life 50% of all life in the universe is wiped out by the combined power of the six Infinity Stones The main series "X-Men" movies have never achieved any sort of greatness, but at least "Dark Phoenix" ends the whole thing with one of the best efforts of the bunch. Heres a rundown of how Infinity War could actually be a giant, elaborate test. TheHeros Journey is a theory of comparative religion articulated by philosopher Joseph Campbell, which describes a series of challenges, setbacks, and successes said to be experienced by protagonists in myths and legends across varying human cultures. With half the worlds life gone, small animals like rats could come to inherit the Earth while larger species simply die out. Probability and Thanos : r/learnmath - reddit At the end of Avengers: Infinity War, the villain Thanos acquired the infinity stones for a gauntlet that let him snap his fingers and turn half the population to dust. Thor odinson vs thanos epic battle #viral #shorts #thor - YouTube Because of this, she created policies and guidelines specific to the S.W.O.R.D. [15][9], The effects of the Snap benefited surviving crime lords such as Wilson Fisk as they were able to thrive with the collapse of national boundaries and law and order, though there was some staunch opposition from costumed vigilantes that were not erased from existence most notably Clint Barton who assumed the mantle of Ronin and started a campaign against criminal syndicates around the world such as the Yakuza and the Tracksuit Mafia. Human. "Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer". Natasha has been making major strides to become a better person in the post-SHIELD era, but it was clear that losing to Thanos hit her very hard. University of Pennsylvania paleobiologist Lauren Sallan, who studies mass extinctions, says that because larger species tend to have fewer offspring and breed more slowly, they would fare poorly after the snap. [1], The destructive effects of the Snap began to be apparent moments after Thanos activated the Infinity Gauntlet, with half of all life in the universe randomly disintegrating into dust. Thanos forcefully extracted the stone from Vision's head, killing him in the process, and with it he completed the Infinity Gauntlet with all six stones and prepared to use it, but he was taken aback when Thor brutally attacked him with Stormbreaker, momentarily disarming the Mad Titan. Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe) - Wikipedia Darryl, Thors Former Roommate (Daley Pearson). The king of Wakanda was one of the first characters to turn to dust, and his vanishing came just a few months after his solo film was released. You could certainly make the argument that "Infinity War" does not really hold up on as a complete movie on its own, because it kinda begins with the second act. Thanos and the Black Order then intercepted the Statesman, which was carrying the Asgardian survivors of the cataclysm Ragnark. According to Sallan, it takes between 20 to 30 million years to recover from a mass extinction. Science has proven this. According to the Russo brothers, that includes timelines in which Scott Lang never escaped the Quantum Realm, and the Avengers never got the idea to use time travel to restore Thanos' victims. Pure B-movie trash, whichis fine because that's precisely what it aims for: bloody, crass, awesome. He swiftly took off his mask, a choking noise rising in his throat. Thor : We don't have the Tesseract. Thanos' two children retreated and the five Avengers traveled to the Avengers Compound to discuss the Mind Stone. Defender It's clearly intended to be a direct parallel with the snap Thanos subjected to the entire cosmos to, and notice that it involves the disintegration of everything loyal to the Mad Titan - and even of the wreckage of his Sanctuary-II spacecraft. We also learned why Spider-Man lingered a bit after Thanos snap; that you dont have to be worthy to wield Thors new Stormbreaker axe; why Thanos didnt go after the stones years ago; and why Thanos didnt just double the universes resources. Thanos' Snap Was Always a Stupid Idea and Science Agrees When he was the next one to enter the real world, he leaped through, his spider webs clinging on to a object as he flew pass other comrades that were stationed in a defensive position. And it'sawesome. An improvement on the first film, and an absolute delight from moment to moment -- butit never quite coalesces into a coherent whole becauseso many subplots distract from the core story and rob it of its emotional impact. Also Read: Here's What 'Avengers: Infinity War' Could Mean for the Hulk's Future. [1], A poster for a support group of the survivors, On Earth, the majority of world governments were in a state of chaos because half of the world's population had disappeared. In the aftermath of the Battle of Wakanda in 2018, Captain Marvel arrived on Earth due to receiving Nick Fury's signal from his Transmitter Pager. Why didn't Hulk's snap kill Thanos and his army? : r/marvelstudios - reddit Because it means Thanos and his armies aren't really dead at all. It would be very chaotic, and I dont even know how you would snap your fingers in an ecologically sustainable way, says entomologist May Berenbaum at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Groots end is the second-most heartbreaking in Infinity War, thanks to his hugely emotional moment as he vanished in front of Rocket Raccoon, but we didnt know the full extent of the gut-punch until Guardians of the Galaxy director James Gunn shared what the final I am Groot meant on Twitter. He also easily defeated Hulk in single combat, and murdered Heimdall, who has he used his last breath to send Hulk back to Earth by way of the Bifrost, prompting Thor to threaten to kill him. In the lead up to Marvel Studios' highly-anticipated 2018 blockbuster, Marvel fans speculated over the possibility of the film including Thanos' snap from the comics. Thanos Snaps Fingers & Erases Everyone in Other Universes Pt1 | Avengers Infinity War/Endgame Parody - YouTube 0:00 / 3:16 Thanos Snaps Fingers & Erases Everyone in Other. Although the seven managed to briefly overwhelm Thanos, he used the power of the four stones to gain the upper hand. 2' Should Get Her Own Movie (Commentary). Not long after Thanos' snap took place, Avengers: Infinity War showed Bucky crumble right before Captain America's eyes. Loki : All right, stop! After the five-year time jump in Avengers: Endgame though, the Avengers eventually managed to bring everyone back safely and defeat Thanos again. And it is extremely fun. Good lord. It was an inspired choice, because "Spirit of Vengeance" was exactly as nutty as you'd hope a PG-13 comic book movie would be. Bhamla co-authored a new study of finger snapping that was published last week by The Royal Society. She has a passion for science communication and founded the PhDrinking podcast to interview graduate students across a variety of fields about their research. After a mass extinction, what Ive found in the past is that its the smaller species that tend to breed fast are the source of future diversity, Sallan says. Half the band and audience disintegrated, much to the shock of the survivors. When a Thanos snaps his fingers, half of the world population is destroyed ( the choice of victims is uniformly distributed). Lila was reunited with her family at the end of the movie. What's happenin'? The Mad Titan was driven to rebalance the universe after watching his home planet, Titan, previously crumble and saw that the universe as a whole was on the same path. He believed he fought on the side of life, but in truth he was a champion of death. In a multiverse wherein the remaining Avengers cant reverse Thanoss destruction, the universe likely wouldnt recover for millions of years. Related: Who Is Thor's REAL MCU Phase 4 Replacement: Jane Foster or Beta Ray Bill? Marvel Thor Vs Thanos Pop! Movie Moment Thank you to everyone who has favorited, followed or reviewed this fic so far. thanos snaps his fingers and kills everyone. Thanos is hellbent on procuring all six Infinity Stones so that he's able to wipe out half the galaxy with a snap of his fingers. The short answer: probably. Planned by Rhody fought alongside Cap and crew in Wakanda, and became closer friends with Sam Wilson during the battle. Chapter 4- Wolfram and Hart We are introduced to the Soul Stone as Thanos crushes our souls immediately following its . Marvel Theory: The Snap Didn't Kill Anybody (And Thanos Isn't Dead), Avengers: Endgames Ending Has Some Disturbing Implications, No More Time Stone In The MCU Is Dangerous News For Doctor Strange 2, the souls were transported to the Quantum Realm, Kevin Feige Answers 11 Burning Questions About Endgame & The MCU's Future, Every Upcoming Marvel Cinematic Universe Movie, Harry Potter & The Cursed Child Movie: Possible Cast, Confirmation Status, & Everything We Know, Luke Skywalker Used The Dark Side In The Sequel Era, Fantastic 4 Casting Call Rumors Reveal MCU Invisible Woman Details. A lot of folks like to complain that all superhero movies are the same. He infiltrated the Collector's museum and located the Reality Stone, which was in the form of the Aether. Rebel Wilson admits she was BANNED from Disneyland | Daily Mail Online Peter Quill aka Star-Lord (Chris Pratt) was also snapped by Thanos in Avengers: Infinity War. Strange said this was the only way and ultimately was proven to be right. Shame that it was apparently stressful enough to break up the tandem of Mark NeveldineandBrian Taylor. Thor odinson vs thanos epic battle #trending #shorts #viral #viralvideo #viralshorts thor vs thanos,thor kills thanos,avengers vs thanos,thanos vs thor,thor . People love to talk about the nebulous concept of capturing some long lost childlike sense of wonder though the magic of cinema -- "Doctor Strange" isone of the only movies I've watched as an adult that really accomplishes that. Like 18th-century scholar Thomas Malthus, Thanos believed that the amount of life in the universe was unsustainable and would eventually destroy itself by consuming all resources. He then solidified the Aether into the Reality Stone and added it to his Infinity Gauntlet. Loki tried to kill him, so he murdered Loki as well. Dolph Lundgren and Louis Gossett Jr. star ina low-rent '80s grunge C-level classic. Sam Wilson aka Falcon (Anthony Mackie) turned to dust at the end of Avengers: Infinity War too. Wakandas king vanished as he helped Okoye up, apparently leaving the nation without a king, again. Were talking about halving, and were talking about billions of cells, so going from two billion cells to one billion cells, he says. What's up, Sean Paul? So how was he able to see past his own death? This weekend, Darryl made a video for Twitter wishing Thor a happy birthday, and lamenting the fact that, since Thanos eliminated half of his colleagues, hes stuck working weekends. Related: Every Major MCU Event The Marvel Movies Haven't Shown. Also Read: Everyone. How would humans fare if we suddenly lost half of the microbes that keep us healthy? It's also hard to remember because it's generally not memorable. Dis ya boy Lil Jon! Also Read: Could Ant-Man Show Up in 'Captain Marvel'? Tony has been traumatized by his fear of something like Thanos invasion, and Tonys inability to stop it, since The Avengers and the alien attack Loki (Tom Hiddleston) led on New York. That's the power of the astonishing visual imagination on display here. Aside from Paul Ruddwho plays Ant-Man himself, Michael Pena is the true standout as Scott Lang's best friend and former cellmate. Was Thanos evil? Stark, I dont feel so good, and fans worldwide agreeing wholeheartedly as a huge number of their favorite heroes dissolved into ash. Cooper's vanishing happened at the beginning of Avengers: Endgame and he was shown reunited with his father by the end of the movie. While Thanos managed to kill a whole bunch of people, he didnt killeveryone just half of everyone. Mr. Stark, we dont feel so good either. At the end of the movie, mega-villain Thanos snaps his fingers while wearing the Infinity Gauntleta magical metal glove bedazzled with six almighty stonesand wipes out half of the. *This is a parody* With a snap of his fingers, Thanos disintegrates/kills half of the universe outside of the Marvel Cinematic Universe by turning them into dust and fading them away.This is how Avengers should have ended :PMovies (characters):CocoIt (Pennywise)Inside out (Bing Bong)Harry Potter (Voldemort)Kungfu Panda (Master Ooquay)Night at the museumShrekSpiderman (Sandman)Tangled (step mother)Joe DirtFor unnecessary censorship videos, please check Ninja Panda Too channel. It Wasn't Supposed to be You Chapter 1: don't say goodbye - FanFiction The Russo brothers, who made their entrance to the MCU directing "Winter Soldier"before taking the reigns on "Civil War" and, eventually, 2018's"Avengers: Infinity War," really impressedwith "Winter Soldier." With the Infinity Stones, the snap of Thanos' finger instantly created dust from many of the MCU's heroes. During the ensuing battle, however, Doctor Strange was abducted by Ebony Maw, while Wong sent Cull Obsidian through a portal to the Arctic. Pollination is a key role of insects, and declines in pollinator species are a major concern around the world. [19], As the planet lost a big portion of its population, the seed of Tiamut the Communicator, that was planted by the Celestials on Earth a million years ago, did not have enough life-power on which to feed. Shuri did return to fight Thanos in the end and returned to Wakanda. The film is a sequel to The Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Avengers: Infinity War, Ant-Man and the Wasp, and Captain Marvel. Unfortunately, Thanos snapped his fingers exactly when Scott was briefly diving into the Quantum Realm during the post-credits scene of Ant-Man and the Wasp. Since Hank, Hope and Janet disappeared back at normal size, there seems to be no one to pull Scott out of the Quantum Realm, apparently marooning him there. For example, the students of Midtown who returned had to repeat the entire school year the following term, despite having already completed midterms, much to their frustration. Coopers love for movies began by watching Toy Story and Lion King on repeat as a child, but it wasn't until The Avengers that he took an invested interest in movies and the filmmaking process, leading him to discover the world of film journalism. Thanos fulfilled his plan to destroy half of all life in the universe, and with the snap of his fingers, people began to disintegrate. Where "Civil War" elevated the genre, "Logan" opts instead to besomething else entirely and we're all the better for it. But as with the first "Avengers" movie its weaknesses are overcome by great character work. In another, his intent to balance is spread far and wide. Avengers Endgame (Earth-262) | Marvel Fanon | Fandom The youngest of the Barton children, Nathaniel Barton was also snapped by Thanos. Starringa pre-Deadpool Ryan Reynolds basically playing a vampire-slaying Deadpool, throwing out one-liners like his mama's life depended on it, this may not a "good" movie, but it sure is fun. He was one of the first people to emerge from the portals at the end of Avengers: Endgame. Avengers: Endgame The Science of the Thanos Snap - Fandom [6], On Earth, there were at least 3,797,000,000 humans confirmed deceased or missing worldwide, according to a statistical report issued by the United Nations in conjunction with the World Bank. Even if the remaining heroes triumph and reverse Thanos devastating action in Avengers: Endgame, as they are (spoiler!) Malthus opposition to improving the lives of the poor (who he feared then might have more children) provides a clear template for Thanos motivations. Also Read: Nebula of 'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. I assume you have a preference. Sharon Carter (Emily VanCamp) was snapped by Thanos off-screen. Spider-Man: Far From Home also confirmed that Michelle Jones (Zendaya) was a snap victim. A notorious flop at the box office and, yeah, it's not exactly "good." [8], The shellshocked Avengers in the aftermath, In Wakanda, Bucky Barnes was one of the first to die, crumbling into dust in front of Steve Rogers and Thor. [The microbiome] is a complex ecosystem of organisms that includes bacteria, but also viruses as well as fungi, says Zuri Sullivan, an immunologist at Yale University. May Parker (Marisa Tomei) was also turned to dust by Thanos' snap. She was practicing shooting a bow and arrow with her father when the event happened, which was shown at the beginning of Avengers: Endgame. But insects are also important cleanup crews, dealing with materials like corpses or dung that other animals cant break down. We dont know about the fates of a lot of folks like Pepper Potts (Gwyneth Paltrow) or Peter Parkers pal Ned (Jacob Batalon). The Science Of 'Avengers: Endgame' Proves Thanos Did Nothing Wrong - Forbes For Thanos at the end of the movie, this is part of his Heros Journey, we once again put him face to face with the only thing that he cared about, where he has to own up to the emotional cost of what hes done in the movie, added Russo of the supervillains relationship to Gamora. Also Read: 13 Major Lingering Questions We Have After Seeing 'Ant-Man and the Wasp', Doctor Stephen Strange (Benedict Cumberbatch). - what is the new y ? Somehow, Shane Black was able to infiltrate the MCU and make a legitimate Shane Black movie with all the wit and raw humanity you'd expect from him. Sure, it turns into a video game boss battle by the end, but for most of its running timeit's just an actual movie. "I think even with [the Infinity Gauntlet]. Having gained the next stone, he destroyed the Statesman with the Power Stone, leaving Thor and the dead Asgardians in space. InAvengers: Infinity War, Doctor Strange was able to use the Time Stone to see "all the possible outcomes of the coming conflict" - all14,000,605 different futures. ), 'Avengers: Infinity War' The Infinity Stones Could Have Their Own Agenda, Here's What 'Avengers: Infinity War' Could Mean for the Hulk's Future, 'Avengers 4' Fan Theory Suggests How They Can Reverse That 'Infinity War' Ending, Tom Sizemore, star of 'Saving Private Ryan,' 'Heat,' dies at 61 after brain aneurysm, Josh Hartnett is done talking about his break from Hollywood but ready to make fun of actors: 'We're the worst', Michael B. Jordan admits muscle gain for 'Creed' has been harder as he's gotten older, Billy Bush suggests Amy Robach and T.J. Holmes start their own show after ABC exit: 'They've got something that works', How to watch every Oscars 2023 Best Picture nominee. Thanos Snaps Fingers & Erases Everyone in Other Universes Pt1 - YouTube Result 50% of all life. There Are Many Evidences For That. His solution was simple, fair and. We Think So, until Guardians of the Galaxy director James Gunn shared what the final I am Groot meant on Twitter, 'Ant-Man and the Wasp' May Have Just Set Up These 'Avengers 4' Time Travel Plots, 13 Major Lingering Questions We Have After Seeing 'Ant-Man and the Wasp', actually part of his long-view plan to win the day, summon help from a source we havent seen before: Captain Marvel (Brie Larson). Mantis was alerted to what was happening and soon became the first to vanish, followed by Drax and Star-Lord. It was Robert Downey Jr.'s reemergence on the big screen, and he's flawless in this origin story that takes Tony Stark from billionaire playboy weapons manufacturer to billionaire playboy other-things manufacturer. Kang the Conqueror Power Against Thanos The Snap,[2] also known as the Blip,[3] was the event in which Thanos snapped his fingers while using the Infinity Gauntlet, resulting in the extermination of half of all life in the universe. He joined Screen Rant in late 2016 following a year-long stint with MCU Exchange, which came after first developing an MCU blog of his own. That five minutes when they tried to turn Jennifer Garner into an action starwent about as well as it should have. For the bigger species of the world, such as large mammals and other carnivores, Thanoss snap could prove most devastating. How to Watch the Marvel Movies in Order | Wealth of Geeks Avengers: Endgame ended with Tony Stark stealing the Infinity Stones from Thanos, and forming his own Infinity Gauntlet. Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr.), the hero who launched the MCU, also had to sacrifice his life. Main 7 (EqG) In one world, Thanos snaps his fingers. He was the last of the Guardians on Titan to disappear. Kill away. Using the portable Quantum Tunnel in Luis' Van, Lang made his way to the Quantum Realm and harvested needed energy. Heres everything we learned from the Infinity War director commentary, andwhy Red Skull is probably pretty happy about the Thanos situation. Right now its a movie that seems very much out of place. After 'Avengers: Infinity War,' What in the Hell Happens Now? Or is there. If Thanos Actually Wiped Out Half of All Life, How Would Earth Fare in Sunset Shimmer and her friends, unaware of the terrible battle, are faced with the effects. Target Peter buckles under the pressure, something we can all relate to. The oldest child of Clint and Laura Barton, Cooper Barton was among those who turned to dust due to Thanos' snap. The new trailer for Avengers: Infinity War features a key piece of information courtesy of Gamora. But in those timelines - and probably in the majority of those 14 million futures - Doctor Strange was never restored. As Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer, and Mantis arrived on Knowhere to confront Thanos, he conjured a false illusion of himself interrogating and torturing the Collector into revealing the location of the Stone, having accurately predicted that the Guardians of the Galaxy would pursue him to Knowhere. It's pretty boring, also, but at least it looks cool. He turned to dust with Rocket by his side and uttered one more "I am Groot" before he vanished. Next:Every Upcoming Marvel Cinematic Universe Movie. But if this is indeed a parallel of the first snap, then it means Thanos, too, isn't truly dead; like his original victims, he has simply been disintegrated, with his pattern stored on some other plane of reality. He says the sound of snapping is fairly easy to explain. This one'sall novelty value. Jane Foster (Natalie Portman) might also be a victim of Thanos' snap. What's happenin'? Heroes, Vampires and Slayers Chapter 4: Wolfram and Hart, a Buffy: The If they can hold on to director Destin Daniel Cretton I bet the second movie, unburdened from those standard first movie issues, is gonna rip. Peter did return in Avengers: Endgame to help defeat Thanos but had to say goodbye to Iron Man in the end. Janet van Dyne (Michelle Pfeiffer) turned to dust during the mid-credits scene for Ant-Man and The Wasp. [9], In the aftermath of the Snap, the Earth's governments saw an emergence of global unity and the nations came together, putting aside their hostilities and differences. Editing is everything.Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaatvN44rhYWho's left in Endgame? War [1], The illusion worked perfectly and Thanos abducted Gamora and forced her to divulge the location of the Soul Stone under threat of torturing her sister Nebula with the Power and Space Stones. This microscopic ecosystem serves three main functions. 2. The Snap had devastating universal repercussions. How can anybody resist the pull of Tom Hardy doing comedy? She has one goal: kill Thanos. Your Privacy Rights [4] Beyond Earth and Titan, there were also several Asgardian casualties, including Sif and an Asgardian actor who portrayed Loki in The Tragedy of Loki of Asgard. The 73+ Best Thanos Jokes - UPJOKE The loss of these bugs has downstream effects for fruit growers and honey aficionados alike. Snap | Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki | Fandom The couple then received combined reinforcements from Captain America, Black Widow, and Falcon. MBaku also stands as a fierce leader and protector of his people, and while we didnt spend much time with him in Infinity War, it was clear losing so many with no way of stopping it was a huge blow. The Bishop Hierarchy of Needs - Not_A_Writer_1987 - Hawkeye (TV 2021 Fortunately, of course, the Avengers were able to put the matter to rights. And what he made was an incredible melodrama with visual stylings meant to ape comic book panels. Our microbiomes also help teach our immune systems to differentiate between dangerous and harmless bacteria.

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