osha regulations for loading trailers

A motor carrier who transports hazardous materials by a cargo tank must ensure that the cargo tank is attended by a qualified person at all times during unloading. No motor vehicle transporting any Class 1 (explosive) material may transport as a part of its load any metal or other articles or materials likely to damage such Class 1 (explosive) material or any package in which it is contained, unless the different parts of such load be so segregated or secured in place in or on the motor vehicle and separated by bulkheads or other suitable means as to prevent such damage. In all locations, OSHA has jurisdiction over forklift operators and terminal employees who perform loading and unloading operations. developer resources. (c) Division 2.3 (poisonous gas) or Division 6.1 (poisonous) materials. An operator must use the following procedures for unloading liquefied petroleum gas or anhydrous ammonia from a cargo tank motor vehicle in metered delivery service: (1) For a cargo tank with a capacity of 13,247.5 L (3,500 water gallons) or less, excluding delivery hose and piping, the qualified person attending the unloading operation must remain within 45.72 meters (150 feet) of the cargo tank and 7.62 meters (25 feet) of the delivery hose and must observe both the cargo tank and the receiving container at least once every five minutes when the internal self-closing stop valve is open during unloading operations that take more than five minutes to complete. (ii) disconnecting the heater's power source. (g) Each liquid discharge valve on a cargo tank motor vehicle, other than an engine fuel line valve, must be closed during transportation except during loading and unloading. WebOSHA establishes rules for tractor trailers under its guidelines in 1970.178. (4) Compliance with 174.200 and 174.204 of this subchapter for combination rail freight, highway shipments and for trailer-on-flat-car service is required. (A) Prior to each use, each hose must be inspected to ensure that it is of sound quality, without defects detectable through visual observation; and. (h) Division 4.2 (pyrophoric liquid) materials in cylinders. Web(4) The rules in this paragraph (b) do not apply to the driver of a sealed commercial motor vehicle who has been ordered not to open it to inspect its cargo or to the driver of a commercial motor vehicle that has been loaded in a manner that makes inspection of its cargo impracticable. If unforeseen conditions cause an excessive pressure rise, the driver shall manually vent the tank at a remote and safe location. Such bonding shall be made by first connecting an electric conductor to the container to be filled and subsequently connecting the conductor to the container from which the liquid is to come, and not in any other order. Choosing an item from (3) Cylinders containing material classed as Division 2.3, Hazard Zone A. (2) When a cargo tank is loaded or unloaded through a vapor-tight (not open hole) top or bottom connection, so that there is no release of vapor at a point where a spark could occur, bonding or grounding is not required. If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency. Throughout the trucking industry, Powered Industrial Trucks, 29 CFR 1910.178, is the most commonly cited standard. (2) Thiourea dioxide, UN3341, in PG II or III packaged in UN 1G fiber drums meeting packing group II performance requirements of subpart M of part 178 of this subchapter. (If bonding is to the framing, it is essential that piping and framing be electrically interconnected.) Division 1.1 or 1.2 (explosive) materials may not be loaded into or carried on any vehicle or a combination of vehicles if: (1) More than two cargo carrying vehicles are in the combination; (2) Any full trailer in the combination has a wheel base of less than 184 inches; (3) Any vehicle in the combination is a cargo tank which is required to be marked or placarded under 177.823; or. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please information or personal data. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What Is the Pop Up Travel Trailer Law in Tennessee? Safety with Truck and Trailers Loading dock protection includes safety when working with all trucks and trailers. A pressure relief device, when installed, must be in communication with the vapor space of a cylinder containing a Division 2.1 (flammable gas) material. The outside of the overpack must be marked with an indication that the inner packagings conform to the prescribed specifications. No Division 2.1 (flammable gas) material shall be loaded into or on or unloaded from any cargo tank motor vehicles with the engine running unless the engine is used for the operation of the transfer pump of the vehicle. 1 CFR 1.1 (d) Keep fire away, loading and unloading. No packages of Class 1 (explosive) materials shall be thrown or dropped during process of loading or unloading or handling of Class 1 (explosive) materials. This requirement does not apply if the activation device is part of a system that will shut off the unloading operation without human intervention in the event of a leak or separation in the hose. For containers which are not in metallic contact with each other, either metallic bonds or ground conductors shall be provided for the neutralization of possible static charges prior to and during transfers of Class 3 (flammable liquid) materials between such containers. Charcoal screenings, or ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal, in bags, shall be so loaded that the bags are laid horizontally in the motor vehicle, and so piled that there will be spaces for effective air circulation, which spaces shall not be less than 10 cm (3.9 inches) wide; and air spaces shall be maintained between rows of bags. Best Practices for Transporting & Handling of (B) The loading or unloading operations must be physically inspected by a qualified person at least once every sixty (60) minutes. First, check that all truck and trailer wheels are Subscribe to: Changes in Title 49 :: Subtitle B :: Chapter I :: Subchapter C :: Part 177 :: Subpart B. Additional bond wires are not needed around All-Metal flexible or swivel joints, but are required for nonmetallic flexible connections in the stationary system piping. 49 U.S.C. (1) When transporting Class 1 (explosive) materials. Many of the most germane standards for tractor trailers are established by this agency. These vehicles must be kept closed at all times other than loading and unloading. https://ohsonline.com/articles/2018/10/01/osha-and-dot-laws.aspx the hierarchy of the document. This web site is designed for the current versions of (4) A person is qualified if he has been made aware of the nature of the hazardous material which is to be loaded or unloaded, has been instructed on the procedures to be followed in emergencies, and except for persons observing loading or unloading operations by means of video cameras and monitors or instrumentation and signaling systems such as sensors, alarms, and electronic surveillance equipment located at a remote control station and persons inspecting hoses in accordance with paragraph (i)(3)(iii) of this section, is authorized to move the cargo tank, and has the means to do so. Although many of the rules guiding the trucking industry are established by different agencies, OSHA offers some guidance for trailer safety under 1910.178. (2) Cylinders for hydrogen, cryogenic liquid. Bags shall not be piled closer than 15 cm (5.9 inches) from the top of any motor vehicle with a closed body. David Ward has written professionally for websites since 2009. Discharge of contents of any container, other than a cargo tank or IM portable tank, must not be made prior to removal from the motor vehicle. (i) Use of combustion cargo heaters. For a wireless transmitter/receiver, the person conducting the test must be at least 45.72 m (150 feet) from the cargo tank and may have the cargo tank in his line of sight. Special care shall be taken in the loading of any motor vehicle with Class 4 (flammable solid) or Class 5 (oxidizing) materials which are likely to become hazardous to transport when wet, to keep them from being wetted during the loading process and to keep them dry during transit. ( f) Use of tools, loading and unloading. In addition, by the compliance dates specified in 173.315(n)(5) and 180.405(m)(3) of this subchapter, the cargo tank motor vehicle must have an emergency discharge control capability that meets the requirements of 173.315(n)(2) or 173.315(n)(4) of this subchapter. Identifies logging by many measures as the most hazardous industry in the United States. Uneven loads can make the vehicle or trailer unstable. Comments or questions about document content can not be answered by OFR staff. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. site when drafting amendatory language for Federal regulations: (6) The heater unit and its fuel supply must be externally mounted on the truck or trailer. This check must be made after the pressure in the discharge system has reached at least equilibrium with the pressure in the cargo tank. (a) The number of packages of Class 7 (radioactive) materials in any transport vehicle or in any single group in any storage location must be limited so that the total transport index number does not exceed 50. (a) Engine stopped. (B) The combustion cargo heater is a catalytic heater and each of the following requirements are met: (1) The heater's surface temperature cannot exceed 54 C (130 F) - either on a thermostatically controlled heater or on a heater without thermostatic control when the outside or ambient temperature is 16 C (61 F) or less. Its durable aluminum housing and energy efficient design keeps the light cool even in demanding industrial settings. (o) Daily test of off-truck remote shut-off activation device. (f) Nitrates, except ammonium nitrate having organic coating, must be loaded in closed or open type motor vehicles, which must be swept clean and be free of any projections capable of injuring bags when so packaged. Web1926.453 (a) (1) Unless otherwise provided in this section, aerial lifts acquired for use on or after January 22, 1973 shall be designed and constructed in conformance with the In addition, its (l) Operating procedure. To provide against ignition of vapors by discharge of static electricity, the latter connection shall be made at a point well removed from the opening from which the Class 3 (flammable liquid) material is to be discharged. The procedures must describe the process to be followed if a facility-provided hose is used for unloading when the cargo tank motor vehicle has a specially equipped delivery hose assembly to meet the requirements of 173.315(n)(2) of this subchapter. Cylinders containing Class 2 (gases) materials shall not be loaded onto any part of the floor or platform of any motor vehicle which is not essentially flat; cylinders containing Class 2 (gases) materials may be loaded onto any motor vehicle not having a floor or platform only if such motor vehicle be equipped with suitable racks having adequate means for securing such cylinders in place therein. Unless the delivery hose is equipped with a shut-off valve at its discharge end, the engine of the motor vehicle shall be stopped at the finish of such loading or unloading operation while the filling or discharge connections are disconnected. user convenience only and is not intended to alter agency intent This standard would include such mechanical devices as jack stands. 405, 805 (2012); 49 CFR 1.81 and 1.97. Trailer Door Safety When a cargo tank is unloaded by a suction-piping system through an open filling hole of the cargo tank, electrical continuity shall be maintained from cargo tank to receiving tank. For Federal Register citations affecting 177.837, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov. People that load trailers, must start with the premise that trailer doors do not qualify as securement devices. (j) Full equilibration of a cargo tank transporting a Division 2.1 (flammable gas) material that is a cryogenic liquid may only be done at a facility that loads or unloads a Division 2.1 (flammable gas) material that is a cryogenic liquid and must be performed and verified as follows: (1) The temperature and pressure of the liquid must be reduced by a manually controlled release of vapor; and. Care shall be exercised in the loading and unloading of arsenical dust, arsenic trioxide, and sodium arsenate, allowable to be loaded into sift-proof, steel hopper-type or dump-type motor-vehicle bodies equipped with water-proof, dust-proof covers well secured in place on all openings, to accomplish such loading with the minimum spread of such compounds into the atmosphere by all means that are practicable; and no such loading or unloading shall be done near or adjacent to any place where there are or are likely to be, during the loading or unloading process assemblages of persons other than those engaged in the loading or unloading process, or upon any public highway or in any public place. In such cases red electric lanterns, red emergency reflectors or red flags shall be set out in the manner prescribed for disabled or stopped motor vehicles. (ii) That both the detonators and the container or compartment meet the requirements of the IME Standard 22 (IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter). here. In addition, OSHA has established a standard that requires "mechanical means" to be used to ensure that a truck is unable to move while being loaded and unloaded. Safety Rails for Flatbed Trailer Fall Protection & Loading Dock Motor vehicles transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) materials shall have tight floors; shall have that portion of the interior in contact with the load lined with either non-metallic material or non-ferrous metals, except that the lining is not required for truck load shipments loaded by the Departments of the Army, Navy or Air Force of the United States Government provided the Class 1 (explosive) materials are of such nature that they are not liable to leakage of dust, powder, or vapor which might become the cause of an explosion. Packages having valves or other fittings must be loaded in a manner to minimize the likelihood of damage during transportation. (a) Nitric acid. Class 4 (flammable solid) materials, Class 5 (oxidizing) materials, and Division 4.2 (self-heating and pyrophoric liquid) materials. Those rules are called regulations. Some agencies, such as OSHA, refer to their regulations as standards, but they carry the same power the power of the law that called for their creation. Thats an important point. The terms OSHA standard and OSHA regulation are synonymous, so feel free to use whichever you prefer. (4) The heating system will not heat any part of the cargo to more than 54 C (129 F). Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Practices Once Tractor Trailer Drivers Arrive at a Destination, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. If the vehicle is provided with placard boards, the placards must be applied to these boards. (7) The heater unit must retain combustion in a sealed combustion chamber. Safety 1926.453 - Aerial lifts. - Occupational Safety and Health Displaying title 49, up to date as of 3/02/2023. Examples of such dangerous materials are charcoal screenings, ground, crushed, or pulverized charcoal, and lump charcoal. In loading and storage areas, fissile material packages must be grouped so that the sum of CSIs in any one group is not greater than 50; there may be more than one group of fissile material packages in a loading or storage area, so long as each group is at least 6 m (20 feet) away from all other such groups. Ward holds a Master of Arts in social sciences from the University of Chicago. (iii) Restrictions on automatic cargo-space-heating temperature control devices. (3) No more than two cargo carrying vehicles may be in the same combination of vehicles. The vehicle should be as stable as possible. Loading (See Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, part 392 of this title.) (d) Packages must be so blocked and braced that they cannot change position during conditions normally incident to transportation. 177-35, 41 FR 16131, Apr. If cylinders are secured to a pallet, the pallet must be designed to transport 1,590 kg (3,500 lbs.) (4) Cylinders for acetylene. The transportation of a Division 2.3 (poisonous gas) or Division 6.1 (poisonous) material is not permitted if there is any interconnection between packagings. However, the guidelines are broad, guiding use by all "fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines." eCFR :: 49 CFR Part 177 Subpart B -- Loading and Unloading (p) Unloading procedures for liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia in metered delivery service. Drivers must not be impaired by drugs or alcohol. Every motor vehicle transporting Class 1 (explosive) materials must either have a closed body or have the body thereof covered with a tarpaulin, and in either event care must be taken to protect the load from moisture and sparks, except that subject to other provisions of these regulations, Class 1 (explosive) materials other than black powder may be transported on flat-bed vehicles if the explosive portion of the load on each vehicle is packed in fire and water resistant containers or covered with a fire and water resistant tarpaulin. (s) Off-truck remote shut-off activation device. (j) Except for a cargo tank conforming to 173.29(b)(2) of this subchapter, a person may not drive a cargo tank motor vehicle containing a hazardous material regardless of quantity unless: (1) All manhole closures are closed and secured; and. The official, published CFR, is updated annually and available below under An automatic cargo-space-heating temperature control device may be used when transporting Class 3 (flammable liquid) or Division 2.1 (flammable gas) materials only if each of the following requirements is met: (1) Electrical apparatus in the cargo compartment is nonsparking or explosion proof. OSHA monitors safety when it comes to other areas of a commercial vehicle, like a flatbed trailer. OSHA The following table is to be used in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section: Note: The distance in this table must be measured from the nearest point on the nearest packages of Class 7 (radioactive) material. (d) Unloading combustible liquids. Disinfection may be by any means effective for neutralizing the material released. What Is the OSHA Regulation for Wheel Chocks? | Legal The agency that is most likely to specifically guide standards for tractor trailers on American highways is the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Division. Your railings must: The person performing unloading functions must be trained in handling emergencies that may occur during the unloading operation. (4) The heating system will not heat any part of the cargo to more than 54 C (130 F). (b) Portable tank containers containing Class 2 (gases) materials shall be loaded on motor vehicles only as follows: (1) Onto a flat floor or platform of a motor vehicle. (k) A carrier of carbon monoxide, cryogenic liquid must provide each driver with a self-contained air breathing apparatus that is approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; for example, Mine Safety Appliance Co., Model 401, catalog number 461704. View the most recent official publication: These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. 177-57, 48 FR 10247, Mar. (3) An IM or UN portable tank equipped with a bottom outlet as authorized in Column (7) of the 172.101 Table of this subchapter by assignment of a T Code in the appropriate proper shipping name entry, and that contains a liquid hazardous material of Class 3, PG I or II, or PG III with a flash point of less than 100 F (38 C); Division 5.1, PG I or II; or Division 6.1, PG I or II, must conform to the outlet requirements in 178.275(d)(3) of this subchapter. While OSHA does not regulate self-employed truckers, it does regulate workplaces to which the truckers deliver goods and the workers which receive those goods. For a cargo tank motor vehicle equipped with an off-truck remote means to close the internal self-closing stop valve and shut off all motive and auxiliary power equipment, an operator must successfully test the activation device within 18 hours prior to the first delivery of each day. Regulations (t) Unloading without appropriate emergency discharge control equipment. Loading Dock: Safety Rules & OSHA Compliance - Fallsway 177.842 Class 7 (radioactive) material. (r) Unloading using facility-provided hoses. Loading restrictions are set forth in 173.427 of this subchapter. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the agency that establishes rules for safety in the workplace. (2) Where more than one group of packages is present in any single storage location, a single group may not have a total transport index greater than 50. (5) Heater requirements under 393.77 of this title are complied with. (d) Engine to be stopped in cargo tank motor vehicles, except for transfer pump. (4) The manufacturer has certified that the heater meets the requirements under paragraph (l)(2)(i)(B) of this section by permanently marking the heater MEETS DOT REQUIREMENTS FOR CATALYTIC HEATERS USED WITH FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND GAS., (5) The heater is also marked DO NOT LOAD INTO OR USE IN CARGO COMPARTMENTS CONTAINING FLAMMABLE LIQUID OR GAS IF FLAME IS VISIBLE ON CATALYST OR IN HEATER.. Extreme care shall be taken in the loading or unloading of any Class 1 (explosive), Class 3 (flammable liquid), Class 4 (flammable solid), Class 5 (oxidizing), or Division 2.1 (flammable gas) materials into or from any motor vehicle to keep fire away and to prevent persons in the vicinity from smoking, lighting matches, or carrying any flame or lighted cigar, pipe, or cigarette. The procedures must describe the cargo tank motor vehicle's emergency discharge control features and, for a passive shut-down capability, the parameters within which they are designed to function. (i) Notwithstanding the segregation requirements of 177.848(d), a cylinder containing a Division 2.3, Hazard Zone A materials may be transported on the same transport vehicle with materials classed as Division 2.1, Class 3, Class 4, Class 5, and Class 8 if all of the following requirements are met: (A) The Division 2.3, Hazard Zone A material must be packaged as authorized by this subchapter. citations and headings While at the loading dock, OSHA states that, "A positive mechanical means to secure trucks or trailers to a loading dock" can be used provided that effectively immobilizes the vehicle. Powered Industrial Trucks - Forklifts - Standards | Occupational 177-85, 60 FR 50335, Sept. 28, 1995; 63 FR 52850, Oct. 1, 1998; 65 FR 58631, Sept. 29, 2000; 67 FR 53142, Aug. 14, 2002; 75 FR 53597, Sept. 1, 2010; 79 FR 40618, July 11, 2014]. (e) Chlorine cargo tank motor vehicles shall be shipped only when equipped: (1) With a gas mask of a type approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Center, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for chlorine service; and. A vehicle may not be returned to Class 7 (radioactive) materials exclusive use transport service, and then only for a subsequent exclusive use shipment utilizing the provisions of any of the paragraphs 173.427(b)(4), 173.427(c), or 173.443(b), until the radiation dose rate at every accessible surface is 0.005 mSv/h (0.5 mrem/h) or less and the non-fixed contamination is not greater than the level prescribed in 173.443(a) of this subchapter. (2) The pressure in the cargo tank must be measured at least ten minutes after the manual release is terminated. They are designed to work with other safety equipment to raise and stabilize the trailer. (m) Cargo tank motor vehicle safety check. Loads are secured and/or covered3. (d) Each transport vehicle used to transport Division 6.2 materials must be disinfected prior to reuse if a Division 6.2 material is released from its packaging during transportation. Transportation includes loading, carrying, and unloading. (2) All valves and other closures in liquid discharge systems are closed and free of leaks, except external emergency self-closing valves on MC 338 cargo tanks containing the residue of cryogenic liquids may remain either open or closed during transit. The gross trailer weight rating (GTWR) is the total mass of a road trailer that is loaded to capacity, including the weight of the trailer itself, plus fluids and cargo, that a vehicle is rated to tow by the manufacturer. (9) Heater unit combustion gases must be exhausted to the outside of the truck or trailer. No motor vehicle transporting any kind of Class 1 (explosive) material shall have on the interior of the body in which the Class 1 (explosive) materials are contained, any inwardly projecting bolts, screws, nails, or other inwardly projecting parts likely to produce damage to any package or container of Class 1 (explosive) materials during the loading or unloading process or in transit. FAR). The Office of the Federal Register publishes documents on behalf of Federal agencies but does not have any authority over their programs. (n) Emergency shut down. WebLoads should be spread as evenly as possible, during both loading and unloading.